King Arthur - Wikipedia. King Arthur is a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries AD. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians.

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Arthur's name also occurs in early poetic sources such as Y Gododdin. The legendary Arthur developed as a figure of international interest largely through the popularity of Geoffrey of Monmouth's fanciful and imaginative 1. Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain). Geoffrey depicted Arthur as a king of Britain who defeated the Saxons and established an empire over Britain, Ireland, Iceland, Norway and Gaul. Many elements and incidents that are now an integral part of the Arthurian story appear in Geoffrey's Historia, including Arthur's father Uther Pendragon, the wizard Merlin, Arthur's wife Guinevere, the sword Excalibur, Arthur's conception at Tintagel, his final battle against Mordred at Camlann, and final rest in Avalon.

The 1. 2th- century French writer Chr. In these French stories, the narrative focus often shifts from King Arthur himself to other characters, such as various Knights of the Round Table. Arthurian literature thrived during the Middle Ages but waned in the centuries that followed until it experienced a major resurgence in the 1. In the 2. 1st century, the legend lives on, not only in literature but also in adaptations for theatre, film, television, comics and other media. Debated historicity. The historical basis for the King Arthur legend has long been debated by scholars. One school of thought, citing entries in the Historia Brittonum (History of the Britons) and Annales Cambriae (Welsh Annals), sees Arthur as a genuine historical figure, a Romano- British leader who fought against the invading Anglo- Saxons some time in the late 5th to early 6th century.

The Historia Brittonum, a 9th- century Latin historical compilation attributed in some late manuscripts to a Welsh cleric called Nennius, contains the first datable mention of King Arthur, listing twelve battles that Arthur fought. These culminate in the Battle of Badon, where he is said to have single- handedly killed 9. Recent studies, however, question the reliability of the Historia Brittonum. The Annales date this battle to 5. Battle of Camlann, in which Arthur and Medraut (Mordred) were both killed, dated to 5.

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These details have often been used to bolster confidence in the Historia's account and to confirm that Arthur really did fight at Badon. Problems have been identified, however, with using this source to support the Historia Brittonum's account. Ripped (2017) Free Online Movie.

The latest research shows that the Annales Cambriae was based on a chronicle begun in the late 8th century in Wales. Download The Wound (2017) Movie Tumblr. Additionally, the complex textual history of the Annales Cambriae precludes any certainty that the Arthurian annals were added to it even that early. They were more likely added at some point in the 1. The Badon entry probably derived from the Historia Brittonum. In the view of historian Thomas Charles- Edwards, .

The historian John Morris made the putative reign of Arthur the organising principle of his history of sub- Roman Britain and Ireland, The Age of Arthur (1. Even so, he found little to say about a historical Arthur. Morris's Age of Arthur prompted the archaeologist Nowell Myres to observe that . He owes his place in our history books to a 'no smoke without fire' school of thought .. The fact of the matter is that there is no historical evidence about Arthur; we must reject him from our histories and, above all, from the titles of our books. They cite parallels with figures such as the Kentish.

Hengist and Horsa, who may be totemic horse- gods that later became historicised. Bede ascribed to these legendary figures a historical role in the 5th- century Anglo- Saxon conquest of eastern Britain. Neither the Historia nor the Annales calls him . Sites and places have been identified as .

The so- called . Some suggest it is derived from the Roman nomen gentile (family name) Artorius, of obscure and contested etymology. However, this may not say anything about the origin of the name Arthur, as Art. The textual sources for Arthur are usually divided into those written before Geoffrey's Historia (known as pre- Galfridian texts, from the Latin form of Geoffrey, Galfridus) and those written afterwards, which could not avoid his influence (Galfridian, or post- Galfridian, texts). Pre- Galfridian traditions. A facsimile page of Y Gododdin, one of the most famous early Welsh texts featuring Arthur (c.

The earliest literary references to Arthur come from Welsh and Breton sources. There have been few attempts to define the nature and character of Arthur in the pre- Galfridian tradition as a whole, rather than in a single text or text/story- type.

A 2. 00. 7 academic survey that does attempt this by Thomas Green identifies three key strands to the portrayal of Arthur in this earliest material. Some of these are human threats, such as the Saxons he fights in the Historia Brittonum, but the majority are supernatural, including giant cat- monsters, destructive divine boars, dragons, dogheads, giants, and witches. On the one hand, he launches assaults on Otherworldly fortresses in search of treasure and frees their prisoners. On the other, his warband in the earliest sources includes former pagan gods, and his wife and his possessions are clearly Otherworldly in origin.

One stanza praises the bravery of a warrior who slew 3. The Welsh prose tale Culhwch and Olwen (c. Mabinogion collection, has a much longer list of more than 2. Arthur's men, though Cei and Bedwyr again take a central place. The story as a whole tells of Arthur helping his kinsman Culhwch win the hand of Olwen, daughter of Ysbaddaden Chief- Giant, by completing a series of apparently impossible tasks, including the hunt for the great semi- divine boar Twrch Trwyth. The 9th- century Historia Brittonum also refers to this tale, with the boar there named Troy(n)t.

The later manuscripts of the Triads are partly derivative from Geoffrey of Monmouth and later continental traditions, but the earliest ones show no such influence and are usually agreed to refer to pre- existing Welsh traditions. Even in these, however, Arthur's court has started to embody legendary Britain as a whole, with .

In particular, Arthur features in a number of well- known vitae (. Cadoc delivers them as demanded, but when Arthur takes possession of the animals, they turn into bundles of ferns. A less obviously legendary account of Arthur appears in the Legenda Sancti Goeznovii, which is often claimed to date from the early 1. Ford (1. 90. 2). King Arthur. A crude illustration from a 1. Welsh language version of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia Regum Britanniae.

The first narrative account of Arthur's life is found in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Latin work Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain), completed c. Geoffrey places Arthur in the same post- Roman period as do Historia Brittonum and Annales Cambriae. He incorporates Arthur's father, Uther Pendragon, his magician advisor Merlin, and the story of Arthur's conception, in which Uther, disguised as his enemy Gorlois by Merlin's magic, sleeps with Gorlois's wife Igerna at Tintagel, and she conceives Arthur. On Uther's death, the fifteen- year- old Arthur succeeds him as King of Britain and fights a series of battles, similar to those in the Historia Brittonum, culminating in the Battle of Bath. He then defeats the Picts and Scots before creating an Arthurian empire through his conquests of Ireland, Iceland and the Orkney Islands.

After twelve years of peace, Arthur sets out to expand his empire once more, taking control of Norway, Denmark and Gaul. Gaul is still held by the Roman Empire when it is conquered, and Arthur's victory naturally leads to a further confrontation between his empire and Rome's.